The Toronto Rocket Cars (T35A08)

This concept shows the exterior of a possible new TTC subway car.

This concept shows the interior of a possible new TTC subway car.

Text by James Bow, Photos by James Bow, except where noted.

In 2005, the Toronto Transit Commission’s remaining H4 and H5 subway cars started showing their age. Rather than rebuild these vehicles to extend their operating life, the Commission decided it would be more cost effective to replace these vehicles with new cars. Although the TTC was satisfied with their newest T1 models, commissioners and staff planners saw this as an opportunity to completely redesign the subway train, installing features which would save money, enhance accessibility and safety and increase capacity.

Early in 2006, the TTC committed itself to purchasing 234 subway cars (totalling 39 trains) and commissioned Bombardier to help them design the new fleet, which the TTC hoped would arrive in 2009. There were critics of this plan, who felt this gave Bombardier an unfair advantage in the bidding process, and essentially awarded the carmaker the contract without a proper tender. TTC officials and Toronto politicians defended this process, however, saying that they had received the best deal from Bombardier, saved money by going to a single source for maintenance parts, and saved hundreds of jobs in Thunder Bay. The criticism, however, may have ensured a more competitive bidding process for the next generation of Toronto’s streetcars — a competition Bombardier also won.

The biggest improvement identified by the TTC and Bombardier early in the design process was joining the cars within a six-car train together with articulated gangways, allowing passengers to walk the length of the train while it was in motion. Because the TTC typically ran only six car trains (four car trains on the Sheppard subway), and because the coupling and recoupling of trains was now a less common occurrence, such a design would not only allow the passenger loads within a train to spread out, it would reduce the number of cabs in a train, saving money, while increasing the capacity of a six car train by 8% (80 passengers).

The T35A08 trainset design was partially based on Bombardier’s Movia trainset, a modular design which also boasted open gangways, currently in use in the London Underground, Shanghai, Delhi, Singapore and Bucharest.

In 2006, the Toronto Transit Commission set up a contest to name the new model. Out of over 3000 entries, the Commission settled on the name the Toronto Rocket. Work began on the new vehicles in Bombardier’s Thunder Bay factory in 2007, and a prototype was on hand when Ontario premier Dalton McGuinty and Toronto mayor David Miller arrived in June 2009 to announce funding for the next generation of Toronto’s streetcars.

The T35A08 Mockup

To showcase the proposed new design features and to assist in the design process, the TTC produced a mock-up car, modifying a T1 vehicle with the new interior configuration. Cars 5344 and 5345 were taken out of service and changes made. These cars were put on display beside the third platform of Davisville station and opened to the public from June 6 to June 20, Mondays to Fridays, 11:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. After this, the cars were displayed at these times at Finch station from June 21 to June 23, Downsview station from June 26 to June 30, Kipling station from July 10 to July 14 and Kennedy station from July 17 to July 21.

As part of the display, viewers were asked to fill out a survey assessing the effectiveness of various features and asking for customer input. Potential passengers praised the passenger intercom system, and the ability for train crews to see the customer who is talking to them, as well as the electronic version of the Toronto subway map and other features letting passengers know which stations the train would arrive at next. The gangway design was also popular, both as a means to spread out the load throughout the train, and to aid in a possible evacuation.

T35A08 specifications

Car Builder: Bombardier Transportation
Car Body: Aluminum and steel
Unit Numbers: TBD
Fleet of: 234 cars (i.e. 39 6-car trains)
Train Length: 139,980 mm (based on Movia)
Car Width: 2620mm (based on TTC T1 specifications)
Car Height: 3658 mm (12’ 0”) (based on TTC T1 specifications)
Track Gauge: 1495 mm (58-7/8”)
Total Weight: N/A
Propulsion System: Bombardier MITRAC
Motors: AC Traction motors
Power (Third Rail): 600 VDC
Power (Auxiliary): 120/208 VAC
Braking System: N/A
Total Seating: 288 (based on Movia)
Coupling/Numbering Arrangement: None - single car set
Air Conditioning System: Yes
Price per car $18.2 million per set (6 cars) or $710 million

Mockup Photos

	The third platform at Davisville was empty when I arrived, but I spotted two TTC courtesy personnel waiting for the train to arrive. It pulled in from the north a few minutes later and parked itself at the north end of the platform.
	Only car 5345 was modified, with mirrors but into place to mimic the new subway’s gangway effect. The exterior was not significantly modified, but one new feature was added: a blue LED light beside the door to highlight “multi-purpose areas” of the train, where people in wheelchairs or people pushing strollers could park themselves out of the flow of traffic.
	Here you can see the gangway effect achieved through the use of mirrors. You can also see the mockup of the proposed LED display that will announce station stops, and tell passengers which doors will open.
	This is a representation of the articulation that would exist between cars. Here, it’s placed between the middle doors of car 5345. The mirror at the rear of the car is placed right between the doors of the fourth doorway, which presents a slightly inaccurate appearance for the car, with only three doors between articulations instead of four. This is consistent throughout the car, with the mirrors at the front placed right between the doors of the first doorway.
	One of the bells and whistles displayed on the mockup is this LED version of the TTC’s subway map. Coloured lights will tell riders where they are on the network, where they are going, and where the doors will open at the next stop.
The red X indicates that doors will open on the opposite side. The green arrow indicates the doors will open on this side.
	This artists conception, taken from the TTC’s website, illustrates one feature the mockup car was unable to encapsulate. The proposed trains are to feature cabs which stretch the width of the car. The TTC official on duty admitted that a number of people had complained about the loss of the “railfan” window allowing passengers to look out the front of the train.
	Another shot of the gangway effect. Photo by Gordon Keith.
	And another shot of the articulation mockup. Photo by Gordon Keith.
	Another feature of that the mock-up car was not able to simulate was the evacuation ramp out of the front of the train, allowing passengers, including those on wheelchairs, to quickly reach track level.
	This image, taken from the TTC website, illustrates possible internal colour schemes that passengers could choose between. Scheme 1 is obviously closest to that of the T-1, and the internal appearance of the mock-up. The other schemes do not match the internal configuration of the mockup or feature only unpopular side-facing seats. One wonders which scheme passengers favoured.

The Toronto Rocket Cars Arrive

Bombardier worked on building the Toronto Rocket trains, encountering difficulties which they blamed on problems with a supplier of the train doors. This delayed the completion of these cars for several months, but late in September 2010, the first of the vehicles were delivered to the TTC’s Wilson yard by truck.

More followed until enough were ready to form a full train. On the morning of Thursday, October 14, the TTC towed these cars to Downsview station using a T1 train, and unveiled the train to the media. The Honourable Lisa Raitt, the federal Minister of Labour, the Honourable Kathleen Wynne, Ontario’s Minister of Transportation, Toronto Mayor David Miller and Toronto Transit Commission chair Adam Giambrone unveiled the new Toronto Rocket subway trains during a ceremony that morning.

Journalists reported favourably on the new features of the Toronto Rocket cars, noting especially the customer information systems (such as the LED subway map), the long passenger gangway and other accessibility features.

In the end, the order of the first 78 cars (enough for thirteen six-car trains) came to $236.7 million, with the government of Canada contributing $92.3 million to the cost, Ontario contributing $83.7 million and the City of Toronto the remaining $60.7 million. A further 156 cars will follow between 2011 and 2014.

The first trains are not expected to go into revenue service until December 2010 at the earliest. They will first be tested thoroughly on the Yonge-University-Spadina subway, likely late at night, but before the day’s service ends, giving late night passengers a glimpse of these new vehicles as they speed through stations.

Toronto Rocket Image Archive

	A look inside the first Toronto Rocket subway train. Public unveiling ceremony at Downsview Station, October 14, 2010. Photo by TTC / Mike DeToma.
	Another look inside the first Toronto Rocket subway train. Public unveiling ceremony, Downsview Station, October 14, 2010. Photo by TTC / Mike DeToma.
	The first Toronto Rocket subway train poses at Downsview Station, just after the public unveiling ceremony on October 14, 2010. Photo by TTC / Mike DeToma.
	Car 5392 forms part of the first Toronto Rocket subway train at Downsview Station after the public unveiling ceremony on October 14, 2010. Photo by TTC / Mike DeToma.
	In the evening of November 15, 2010, railfan Benny Cheung came upon Rocket train 5391-5396 at Davisville station and snapped some pictures. The red flaps festooning the train are part of a tunnel clearance test.
	A shot of Rocket train 5391-5396 on the evening of November 15, 2010, showing the add-ons for testing tunnel clearance, and work crews within preparing for the test. Photo by Benny Cheung.
	The articulation between Toronto Rocket cars 5392 and 5393, in the November evening glow. Photo by Benny Cheung.